The Internet is the networking system that powers The World Wide Web (aka the “web”). The web is a massive collection of data used to create web content. Web data, such as HTML, JavaScript, and image files, are stored on web servers.
Web Browsers
Web browsers, such as Chrome and Firefox, use the Internet to access the data stored on web servers, then display it appropriately to users like you.
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language ) is the blueprint of a web page. It describes the page structure and content. Web browsers use these instructions to display webpages. An important concept to remember, that many developers forget, is the ultimate goal of much of the code you write is to display HTML.
Client-server Model
The World Wide Web uses a client-server model where web servers provide web data and web browsers are the client software, fetching the data and displaying it to end-users. It works with a request-response architecture. The client sends the server a request and in return, the server sends the client a response.
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
HTTP is the rules for transferring web data. It is part of the application layer of TCP/IP. Web browsers send HTTP requests for web data and the web server sends back an HTTP response.
There are different HTTP request methods. Here are some common ones:
GET: A request to fetch web data.
POST: A request to update or create data
PUT: It is used to update or create a resource, but unlike POST it is idempotent
HEAD: Similar to GET, but it is asking for the response without the response body (the data)
CONNECT: Connect is used to create a tunnel connection with a server
DELETE: deletes the specified resource Opening two-way communication with the requested resource
OPTIONS: request the permitted request options
GET and Post are by far the most common. Get is used by the web browser to get the data it needs to display a web page. POST is the usual method used by web applications to process web forms.
Domain Names
Websites have IP addresses. Remember, web servers hold website data. For the web browser to display the appropriate information, it has to find the proper server. Each domain name (i.e., lampp.org) is associated with an IP address. Similar to a person having a legal name and a social security number. Credit reporting agencies need your social security number to find your credit history, and web browsers need the IP address to locate the website data.
When you type a domain name, a DNS (Domain Name System) query takes place. DNS is the database that holds the information on domain names and their IP address. It is like a phonebook where the domain name is the name, and the IP Address is the phone number. Nameservers are the part of the DNS that translate the domain name to the IP address.
